How Effective Are Various Methods in Reducing Recidivism Essay Example for Free

How Effective Are Various Methods in Reducing Recidivism Essay Jail, non-custodial sentences and recovery appear to be completely fizzled in decreasing recidivism; be that as it may, there is pretty much nothing and restricted proof to help non-custodial sentences, just as certain individuals might suspect if restoration could be executed viably, it would work. Despite the fact that the benefit of jail is keeping our general public from hazardous individuals, with regards to diminishing recidivism rate, the impact of jail is frustrating. General society normally imagine that detainment is more secure for networks; in any case, it seems frail to dissuade detainees from carrying out wrongdoing once more. In the article, â€Å"Study shows building detainment facilities didn't forestall rehash crimes†, Fox Butterfield (2002) refers to an enormous scope investigation of recidivism from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, which explored up to 272,111 previous detainees in 15 states during the initial three years in the wake of being discharged. It found that 67% of prisoners violated the law again in three years directly after their discharge in 1994. It is astounded that it doesn't have any effect to recidivism rate which was concentrated in 1960’s, and it is even 5% higher than the investigation done in 1983. Moreover, it showed that the more rearrest records a criminal has, the higher recidivism rate he has. The detainees who have more than 15 earlier captures have 82. 1% of recidivism rate. All things considered, as indicated by Emily Kingham’s article (2006), she accepts that jail powers wrongdoers to lament and think about their conduct; with respect to the explanation that hoodlums can't dismiss the enticement of carrying out new wrongdoing is a result of lacking offered help. Regardless of this, a few specialists have conceded that jail doesn't work as far as decreasing recidivism rate (Considering the choices 1978; Finckenauer 1988). Some constrained proof has demonstrated that non-custodial sentences may diminish recidivism; paying little mind to certain specialists being incredulous about their ideal accomplishments. From one perspective, elective sentences can assist government with setting aside cash and mitigate over-squeezed number of lawbreakers in jail (Considering the options 1978). Then again, Kingham(2006) brings up that elective sentences never really return detainees to their unique conditions, which bring about ignorance of their violations and the onsequences. One examination demonstrated that through one of elective sentences, escalated probation, recidivism rate is under 20%; in any case, the proof perhaps frail as the investigation has not been totally incorporated (Considering the options 1978). Moreover, in the Minnesota, elective sentences have been effectively received to keep criminal rate not expanding, however it may not be persuaded in view of the source not being affirmed (Considering t he options 1978). While a few people contend restoration is additionally fizzled in diminishing recidivism rate, a few creators counter that if government could bolster recovery, recidivism rate would diminish. As per the article, â€Å"Prison†, James O. Finckenauer (1988) refers to certain examinations, which shows that despite the fact that the administration has just furnished with great restoration programs, they can't accomplish reformatory of detainees. Then again, this position is challenged by Joan Petersilis (refered to in Butterfield 2002), an educator of criminology at the University of California at Irvine and a specialist on parole, who says that state governments spent such minimal expenditure on recovery programs that prisoners don't get adequate assistance with medicate expansion, work aptitude and groundwork for another life, which may lead expanding recidivism rate. Butterfield (2002) further refers to the announcement by Mr. Travis, who likewise contends that crooks come back to wrongdoing.

Looks Are Deceiving Essay Example

Looks Are Deceiving Essay Example Looks Are Deceiving Essay Looks Are Deceiving Essay Marmara was one of those individuals that everybody loathes. Everybody realizes how contesting the main segment of the school twelvemonth can be for new understudies. I mean. you need to do new companions and only obtain used to a not used to condition. Well. it was non like that for Marmora! She had just gotten well known on the initial twenty-four hours and was chosen as classification delegate for she was canny and gifted. She composed two books that are distributed. had great articulations. a delightful voice. oculus catching drawings. furthermore, a one of a sort character. also, she was still in the eighth class! I was sure Miley Cyrus was off base when she sang that nobody’s immaculate . for Marmara was the prohibition. The new miss and I made companions quickly. She engaged us all through the long. dull. furthermore, as often as possible depleting school yearss. All that she did was unique. She was specific it appeared. in each way. She would sit on the floor in the focal point of an exercise when the wooden seat began to hurt her. sparkle her hair like clockwork. what's more, ever keep up a pen and paper other than her. I constantly observed her writing down things. what's more, she would non distinguish the teacher’s razor fresh eyes tiring into her. None set out to punish her however. since she exceeded expectations in pretty much all the points. In English classification. she would partition her poesy with us. also, at whatever point we needed to make papers. the teachers would pick hers as a hypothetical record. Everybody would look at her in a most bewildered mode. astounded at the capacity of this wonder. I felt that I myself was useless contrasted with Maramara’s impeccable magnificence and perception. It was non until the focal point of the school twelvemonth that something fishy began to go on. I would once in a while happen Marmara red-looked at and watery-peered toward. her long. richly earthy colored hair disguising portions of her miserable face. As us teenagers live our age. happenings like this hush up normal. be that as it may, from impeccable Marmara. it appeared to be unnatural. As classmates would hotfoot to obtain other than her. trying to gracefully her with comforts. her territory would go more awful her legs would get down to shiver. what's more, she would ask to be left altogether. Her melancholic picture was at that place in forepart of me each second of the yearss that followed ; I was horrendously stressed. One glooming winter twenty-four hours during deferral. I discovered her sitting totally on a corroded seat. I thought about how students could be so uproarious and joyful while others were going through terrible occasions. Right away. I sat myself other than Marmara. taking it as a risk to hold a discussion. I felt a spot unbalanced sitting at that place confused. picking my encephalons for a way to get down. Haphazardly. Marmara pulled her arm up. revealing sensibly new cuts of a blade directly beneath her left thenar. She murmured. Don’t concern. it’s only how I alleviate my stinging. you see I can’t call any more. My eyes have evaporated. I was struck thick by the surprise and ran for the open latrine where I in private shed cryings. She followed not long after ; her qualities now obscure and jeopardizing like a fox. The drive to yell and yell filled my lungs. in any case, my lips did non divide for it appeared to be inaccurate. I needed to ask her why-why she was making this to herself. be that as it may, could non get myself to. dreading the impacts. Her poesy became pitiful. Marmara simply appeared to be an alternate individual at this point. She had massive temper swings. You would see her giggling and kidding about thus two seconds along these lines. grave. I realized I needed to make something. so I disclosed to her uncle who worked at school since he and Marmara were close. He took in the knowledge of her status smoothly. furthermore, expressed gratitude toward me for portraying it to him. In any case. I detected a little adjustment in his crinkled face and his typically firm voice was insecure. I could state he was dreadfully disturbed. He quickly made a move and discovered Marmara a head-shrinker who helped her gain out of her wont and status. I watched her cautiously as she changed go into her ordinary self image. helping her along the way. It worked out that she had a few occupations at place that had influenced her mentally. I in the end understood that Marmara was only similar to the rest of us-young people going up against the universe and its difficulties. Marmara instructed me that no undertaking how solid. great. or on the other hand ground-breaking an individual may look. the person in question despite everything is a person. There will ever be something that comes and can non be overwhelmed. I other than procured that I ought to non ever judge individuals simply by their visual perspective or activities. Presently I know non to gain fooled into accepting felicity is a simple blessing the face since you neer realize what inward battles are covering behind it. As it's been said looks can be lead oning.

The Tell Tale Heart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Tell Tale Heart - Essay Example The essayist of incongruity here is Poe, obviously, and not the storyteller since the storyteller seems, by all accounts, to be totally careless in regards to the amusing segment of his monolog. Or then again is he While show basic investigation of The Tell-Tale Heart connects with the story from the perspective that the storyteller's endeavor to demonstrate his rational soundness is an activity in incongruity, his unmistakably tricked perspective can simply be deciphered as a splendidly considered plot to get away from extraordinary discipline for his wrongdoing by persuading the individuals that he is crazy when he isn't. It might be said, The Tell-Tale Heart contains the chunk of a thought that would be fleshed out to novel-length status in Joseph Heller's Catch-22. The difficult situation in the storyteller's case is that he would obviously be rational in the event that he endeavored to demonstrate his blamelessness, however on the off chance that he doesn't attempt to demonstrate his guiltlessness he will in all probability get the death penalty. One of the intriguing parts of this story is that it stays indistinct to whom the storyteller is tending to his intrigue to be discovered normal. It may be the police; it is more probable an appointed authority; the most probable thought of everything is that is the superintendent of the jail or even a gathering of individuals assembled to watch him hang. The subject of the bearing of the portrayal is left not entirely clear, yet one thing is clear. Rather than endeavoring to demonstrate his honesty, the storyteller's long monolog turns into an instance of attempting to demonstrate his mental stability. The absence of a solid clarification of the individual or office to which the portrayal is tended to leaves a lot of space for translation. The main angle with even a nearby estimate of sureness is that the story isn't being routed to the cops since he makes reference to that they were fulfilled. The peak of the story is the disclosure of the dead body and the story is told as a recognition, so the most probable estimation is that the storyteller is tending to a court authority or personage who may impact over the judgment of the storyteller. The story that the storyteller is telling, in this manner, is most precisely acknowledged as an intrigue for kindness as opposed to only an intrigue to be thought rational. All things considered, on the off chance that the admonishments to be discovered normal are acknowledged, at that point the judgment really want to be hardhearted. It is just if this over the top journey to be viewed as normal outcomes in the unexpected inversion of being pro nounced crazy that the portrayal bodes well whatever. The Tell-Tale Heart would thus be able to be said to chip away at two degrees of emotional incongruity without a moment's delay. The most evident degree of incongruity, the one that most perusers perceive and that frames the core of so much abstract investigation, is that the storyteller's over the top dedication to demonstrating his mental stability sabotages that commitment to the point that it is difficult to assign him as something besides insane and in any event semi-hallucination. The incongruity in this perusing of The Tell-Tale Heart depends on the customary perusing that incongruity is created by the logical inconsistency of what is really being said and what is really implied. At the point when a peruser peers nearer and brings into setting the potential for whom the storyteller is tending to and why he would decide to demonstrate his sanit

What Are the Most Important Tools and Technologies for Safeguarding Information Resources free essay sample

What are the parts of a hierarchical system for security and control? Firms need to set up a decent arrangement of both general and application controls for their data frameworks. A hazard appraisal assesses data resources, distinguishes control focuses and control shortcomings, and decides the most financially savvy set of controls. Firms should likewise build up a sound corporate security approach and plans for proceeding with business activities in case of debacle or interruption. The security strategy incorporates polices for adequate use and character the executives. Complete and orderly MIS examining assists associations with deciding the adequacy of security and controls for their data frameworks. 4. What are the most significant instruments and innovations for protecting data assets? Firewalls keep unapproved clients from getting to a private system when it is connected to the Internet. Interruption identification frameworks screen private systems from dubious system traffic and endeavors to get to corporate frameworks. Passwords, tokens, shrewd cards, and biometric confirmation are utilized to validate frameworks clients. We will compose a custom paper test on What Are the Most Important Tools and Technologies for Safeguarding Information Resources? or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Antivirus programming checks PC frameworks for contaminations by infections and worms and frequently dispenses with the malignant programming, while antispyware programming battles meddling and hurtful spyware programs. Encryption, the coding and scrambling of messages, is a broadly utilized innovation for making sure about electronic transmissions over unprotected systems. Advanced declarations joined with open key encryption give further assurance of electronic exchanges by verifying a user’s personality. Organizations can utilize deficiency open minded PC frameworks or make high-accessibility processing situations to ensure that their data frameworks are constantly accessible. Utilization of programming measurements and thorough programming testing help improve programming quality and dependability.

The Multicultural Education Essay -- essays papers

The Multicultural Education John Searle addresses the â€Å"major debate†¦ going on at present concerning†¦ an emergency in the instructing of the humanities.† [Searle, 106] He proceeds to shield the group of works by dead white guys that has customarily made up the educational plan of aesthetic sciences training. I can't help contradicting a considerable lot of his contentions, and accept that multiculturalism ought to be instructed in the college, yet this is only a glimpse of something larger. Liberality will take significantly more than simply negligible changes in educational plan. All together for works by various races and ladies to be judged and concentrated close by works by white men, they must be viewed as equivalent to works by white men. They must be read for their scholarly substance, not for the announcement they make about women's liberation or race. We don’t simply need to assess them by similar norms, we have to change the measures. The norms set by the conventional hum an sciences instruction have been set by white guys and are naturally one-sided. New guidelines should be set that are as liberal as we need understudies to be. This is a pattern that should be begun route before school. A differing educational program ought to be instructed all through a person’s training, since that is the thing that will create balanced, receptive people that will change the custom of mistreatment in the public arena. Searle says, â€Å"We ought not be humiliated by the way that a lopsidedly huge level of the major social accomplishments in our general public have been made by white males.† [Searle, 118] To this, I state yes we should! We ought to be humiliated that there are individuals who don’t see this â€Å"disproportionately huge percentage† isn't because of the mind-boggling knowledge of the white male, yet to hundreds of years of persecution. Our way of life hasn’t supported the scholarly endeavors of ladies or minorities, their thoughts and interests have been subdued, most likely out of dread. We have a general public ruled by white guys, it shouldn’t be amazing that writing is as well. We have to change the manner in which our general public view ladies and minorities. Attempting to do this by changing the educational plan of understudies is silly. We have to begin from the earliest starting point, with the kids. Kids should be encouraged that they exist as a piece of the world, as opposed to similarly as a piece of America. In the event that experience is empowered at a youthful age, it will supplant the â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† mentali... ...be extended to new thoughts and societies. College training ought to be an augmentation of, not a substitution for, evaluation and secondary school instruction. I feel that, all in all, we are headed straight toward a more receptive society. Kids and youthful grown-ups are more tolerating than their folks and their grandparents, and I think on the off chance that we empower and welcome this pattern, it will proceed to their youngsters. Be that as it may, it isn't the situation in all families, and regardless of whether it were, family is just one of the impacts in a child’s life. As they get more seasoned, they are progressively affected by outside components, for example, school, the media and culture. We have to energize youngsters and open their psyches with all the devices we have accessible to us as a general public. Youngsters are the ones that will make up the heft of the compelling populace in twenty years. Expanding their viewpoints is widening the future’s skylines too. As we change the manner in which our general public perspectives ladies and minorities, as they are held onto as equivalents, we will begin to see art istic works of a similar bore, if worse than the works incorporated by the customary standard. At that point, we will be making progress toward having a progressively assorted college degree.

GDP Economic Product

Introduction Real GDP is measure to assess changes in economic welfare over time, to make international comparison of GDP, and for business cycle assessment and forecasting. (Parkin et al 2000). The gross national product (now measured as GDP) was introduced during World War II as a measure of wartime production capacity. Now it is commonly used worldwide as indicator of economic progress (https://www.redefiningprogress.org cited on 1st June 2008). GDP is not accounting Household production, Quality improvement, the underground economy, Health and safety Expectancy, Leisure time, The Environment Quality, Equal wealth Distribution, Political freedom and social justice. GDP can be good indicator of measure of economy living but it is not accurate measure of living standard. Improving livings standards is about poor families gaining access to what is available at the time to make comfortable, healthy and rewarding .in the end, economic statistics only measure what they measure, we may not bear much relation to how well off we are. (The Independent Dec 2002) Source: US department of state (www.usinfo.state.gov cited on 22nd May 2008) Poverty Rising Real GDP is not affecting on the reduction of poverty and change in living standard. USA is the wealthiest country in the world having high real GDP, but more than 35 million people out of 294 million of population faced hunger in 2006 and 390000 in 2005 According to the US Department of agricultures household food security report, that 10.4% of all U.S adults and 17.2 percent of all children faced the food insecurity in 2006. (www.ipsnews.net cited on 22nd May 2008) According to survey in 2005, India had population of approx. 1094.6 Millions and Pakistan had population of approx. 155.8 Million. (www.worldbank.org cited 13th May 2008). Real GDP per capita from 2000 2006 Years Data Source: (United Nation, USA 2007 Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007) The real GDP gap between India and Pakistan shows that average Indian people are better being then average Pakistani People. But poverty ratio shows that living standard of India is lower than Pakistan. By comparing Indias population below $1 and poverty line per day with Pakistan shows that living standard of India is not very high than Pakistan because people ratio living below $1 is high that mean they are not using full resources of a happy life. So GDP is not representing the living standard of people and also not counting the poverty ratio. COUNTRY Population Below National Poverty line Per day (%) 1990-2004 Population Below $1 Per day (%) 1990-2005 GDP Per Capita (PPP US $) (2005) CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN SIERRA LEONE NIGERIA ZAMBIA 4.6 28.6 32.6 70.2 34.1 68 9.9 34.3 17 57 70.8 63.8 6757 3452 2370 806 1128 1023 About 10 sub Saharan economies are suffering from malnutrition all the time. (The Observer 18th May 2008) Exchange Rate Inflation It is difficult to compare living standard because exchange rate of country do not show the domestic purchasing power of a currency e.g. any product cost in USA will be 10$ but in China may be 5$. So comparison should consider these. Purchasing power party (PPP) is exchange rates between currencies are in equilibrium and when two countries purchasing power same. Gross domestic products are accounted on standard way based on trade exchange, value of international (dollar) that is purchasing power parity. If the exchange rates of two countries same then the price level will be fixed for both countries products and services. If the domestic price level of any country increase, then exchange rate will be depreciate to return PPP then that country will experience inflation. (www.ftb.bis.gov cited on 27th May 2008) According to World Bank survey (9th April, 2008) on recently increasing the high prices of food will increase the poverty in poor and developing countries. The rise in oil prices changes the each commodity price and result into increase in poverty, the 80% increase in prices of maize and 70% increased in price of rice played main link to increase in poverty. (World Bank 2008) According to head of UN, About 850 million people are facing already the shortage of food and rapidly rising prices could push up to 130 millions population into hunger trap.( Metro 4th June ,2008) so when inflation will increase, it will increase the poverty in poor countries. In Real GDP, increase in price will account as inflation. Quality of Goods GDP is a quantitative measure, and thus does not capture the value of improvements in product quality e.g. $200 dollar phone costs the same as a $200 dollar phone 10 years ago ,it never include the new technology is introduces or quality of goods improved. Unemployment Rising GDP means we are better off, but it is not actually happening. According to recent report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) May, 2008, Turkish youth hit by unemployment. In Turkey 18% of the total population young people aged 15-24, 30% go to school and 30 % work. This means that almost 40% young people have no proper education and/or are unemployed. It also reveals the extreme of sexual discrimination against female. So they are not able to get education because of family pressure. The report says that turkey has achieved continuous high economic growth of the order of 7.5 percent on average during the 2002-2006 periods. That mean turkey has strong economic growth but weaker human development. Turkey economy boosts cause of foreign debts. Economic growth based on foreign capital means that country like Turkey lacks the potential to handle unemployment and other socioeconomic ills. (www.wsws.org cited 16th May 2008). COUNTRY Population Total (millions) 2005 2015 Unemployment Rate Total (% of Labour force) 1996-2005 AUSTRALIA UK CHINA INDIA TURKEY ZAMBIA 20.3 22.4 60.2 62.8 1313.00 1388.60 1134.40 1302.50 73 82.1 11.5 13.8 4.9 5 4.2 4.3 9.9 12 Literacy Education is necessary and fundamental part of all societies and globally competitive economies. Education can reduce the poverty and inequality, improving the health precaution, enable the use of new technologies and knowledge. In an increasingly competitive knowledge based surroundings, primary education must be the priority and it leads to higher levels of education (https://ddp-xt.worldbank.org cited by 24th May 2008) Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), World Bank, UNAIDS, ILO, Household Surveys, IMF, Country. Data are for the most recent year available in 2000-2005. If in a country more people will be literate it will increase the living standard of people and awareness of their rights. Curren( 2003) explained Illiteracy and other deprivations related to lack of basic education are significant obstacles to essentials of good living such as participation in economic activity, political life and decision making within family. Education is important for all age group and gender but some countries gender discrimination is high and woman discourages and their potential is not counted because of discrimination, education expenses, and household duties. In some countries girls are behind the boys in education and health care because of their parents discriminations and neglect. So gender inequalities in woman start in early and keep throughout their lives. (www.moe.gov.pk cited on 22nd May 2008). According to World Bank report says that more than 100 million primary school age children remain out of school. Because of poverty, parents concern of safety of their child, lack of school and bad teaching method. (https://ddp-ext.worldbank.org) Country Adult Literacy Rate (% aged 15 and older) 1995- 2005 Combined gross enrolment ratio for Primary, secondary, and tertiary Education (%) 2005 Saudi Arabia China India Pakistan Turkey Nigeria U.A.E 82.9 90.9 61 49.9 87.4 69.1 88.7 76 69.1 63.8 40 68.5 56.2 59.9 Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008 (www.hdrstats.undp.org) Under Ground Economy GDP never count the greatest source of wealth i.e. the household and volunteer work sectors go ignore entirely. GDP is not considering the factor of total production that people hide to avoid taxes because the production and services they are producing are illegal and never comes in GDP. (Parkin el at 2005) The black economy never comes in revenue, i.e. production by labor paid less than minimum wage rate, Labor are paid by giving cash avoid Taxes, unreported self employee, the tips money earned by taxi/cab drivers, waiters in Hotel Restaurants, Smuggling of products e.g. oil, etc. these transactions never comes in the figures for GDP. An estimated 5 to 10% black economy adds to GDP in the United States and the UK and 30% in Italy. In the late 1990s, in Russia estimated 50% black economy adds to GDP(The economist 31st may 2008 ). A lot of Household production carry on in developing countries never comes in economic transactions e.g. grass cutting, child care, embroidery stitching of cloths done by female at home, growing vegetable at home, production of hand made goods etc According to the latest estimate by Economists the calculation of the underground economy is to average 15% of national output for developed countries and 33% for developing countries. According to the survey Nigeria and Thailand have the world largest black economies accounting for more than 70% of GDP. (www.tutor2u.net/economics cited on 07th May, 2008). Changes in Leisure Time For the long life and leisure time as if we have more leisure facilities we live better, that never count in GDP. (Parkin el at 2005). GDP only takes the market value of output, therefore, Leisure (paid vacation, holidays, leave time), which shows increase of well-being, satisfaction, and happiness is excluded in the GDP. Different reports have been highlighted that there are longer working hours are in America with compared to Europe which can cause stress and damage family life. Europeans have choice for shorter weeks and a longer holiday that will leads to better life and more happiness but not leads to higher GDP as compared to America. Income inequality The GDP only tells how much income we produce but it fails to tell how that income is distributed. So the GDP increases the gap between poor and rich people. The real GDP was the key indicator of measure of national progress. The growth in GDP is offset by increasing inequality, High level of foreign dept, growing costs of unemployment, environment problems, and failure to maintain wealth equality, i.e. in same economy might be one group is using all resources. (Mc Taggart et al 1999). The large portion of financial wealth real GDP per capita goes to small percentage of population. Income and earnings are unequally distributed among the population. Economic growth increasing also accompanied that increasing poverty. If the income is uneven distributed, then increase in income per capita may disproportionately benefit a small group of high income earners and have little impact on reducing poverty. The gini coefficient is used to measure how evenly income is distributed. (www.bized.co.uk/virtual cited on 21st May ,2008 The Gini coefficient (An INEQUALITY indicator ) varies from zero, that shows the perfect equailty of income. Latin America is the worlds most unequal region, with a Gini coefficient of around 0.5; in rich countries the figure is closer to 0.3.(The economist 2008). inequalirty will incrase moverty and it will effect to slow down the economic growth cause poor people cannot afford to buy their needs e.g. education,foods etc . The chart below shows that income is more unevenly distributed in Zambia as compared to other countries .so GDP per capita income is fail to count that how income is distributed among the population. Data Source: www.bized.co.uk cite on 21st May 2008 and World Bank development indicator 2007, Washington D.C. (www.hdrstats.undp.org cited on 21st May 2008) Pollution Crime, war, pollution, tobacco smoking, and car accidents all cause people to spend money and so they all increase the GDP. The more trees we fell, fish we catch, fossil fuels we burn, greenhouse gases we emit, the more the GDP increases. (https://www.redefiningprogress.org) Real GDP never count for the quality of life e.g. clean water, life expectancy, leisure time, and it never count for the increase in traffic congestion and loss of open space (www.bos.frb.org cited on 06th May, 2008) The causes to produce environment pollution are the carbon dioxide and Ozone depleting substance use. In china the emission of CO2 and ozone depleting substance use is greater than other developing countries. According to European space agency, Bijing and its surrounded cities have air pollution with the high level of nitrogen dioxide, which is dangerous for lungs. In 2005 when China was hosting for the Olympic Games in Beijing, satellite data has reveals that Beijing as air pollution capital of World. (The Guardian, Monday 31 October, 2005) In an overview of the report of WHO, the cigarette and tobacco product are polluting air as well and is the main cause of death. In 2003, 5 million people died most of in poor and over poor populations. (www.wsws.org cited 22nd May 2008). Data Source: Human development report 2007/2008 www.hrdstats.undp.org cited 5th May 2008) COUNTRY Ozone depleting Substances use (grams per capita) (2004) CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN AUSTRALIA SINGAPORE IRAN MALAYSIA THAILAND JAPAN 27.1 9.3 10.2 9.5 50.5 89.9 59.2 39.7 15.3 Data Source: (Table: 29 United Nation, Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007) and The World health Organization says that almost 3 million people are died worldwide because of air pollution out door and 1.6 from indoor 80% of illness and death in developing countries because of polluted water.2.1 people die with diarrhea disease. (BBC NEWS www.bbc.co.uk cited on 21/05/2008) The 2nd factor for the human being to live healthy in this world is clean water. In 2004 Romania faced big problem in clean drinking water. Many people became ill because of polluted water. According to WHO/UNICEF (joint monitoring program) in the Romania only 18% of population of the rural had access to clean drinking water (www.ens-newswire.com cited on 22 May 2008). If we see real GDP of Romania in 2004, it comes in high human developed countries but real GDP fail to count the clean water source for the people. In 2004, In comparison with India and Pakistan, the %age of resources using improved drinking water in rural and urban shows that India is behind Pakistan, but if view the economic growth in real GDP shows that India is better than Pakistan. In 2005 in china water pollution increase and 2 million people suffered diseases caused by drinking water with high arsenic content and cancer. In the rural area 360 million peoples faced lack of safe drinking water. The pollution increased 70% in lake and river and sample test. but 95%of water tests were polluted. (BBC NEWS, www.news.bbc.co.uk cited by 23rd May 2008) COUNTRY Share of population with access to improve Water sources (%) (2004) Share of population with access to improve Sanitation (%) (2004) CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN NIGERIA ZAMBIA 77 86 91 48 58 44 33 59 44 55 Data Source: Table- 29 United Nation, Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007 Life expectancy and infant birth morality Good health and long life is the hope of everyone which does not show up in real GDP, at least not directly. (Parkin et al 2000).Increase in Real GDP will spend money on the medical and health safety but it ignore new health and expectancy problem every years e.g diseases i.e. Aids, , drug addiction,, murder and suicide and natural disasters i.e. Earthquake etc. In developing countries, in each year More than 500,000 women die in childbirth. In Asia and Africa, lack of access to trained health staff, modern medical facilities the ratio of maternal death may be more than 100 times higher as compared to woman in Western Europe and North America. (www. worldbank.org cited 22nd May 2008.) According to (WHO) report that in Japan life expectancy is higher. For example a baby born can expect to live 85 years having sufficient needs of life to live happy life e.g. food, vaccination and good education. On average enough funds to spend on medication per year. But in same way its not same situation in Sierra Leone a baby will survive a life expectancy of just 36 years. Due to the non availability of resources one or more of children would die and on average could have enough funds a year to spend on medication. (www.worldbank.org cited on 21st May 2008) According to WHO report (2005), In Nigeria the maternal death rate is 59,000 with the population of 140 Millions. African continent countries are having high maternal death in the world. As compared to India, the maternal death is 117,000 with the population of over billion. According to official US report (2007) says that America has dropped from 11th to 42nd place in 20 years being a richest country in the world. The drop is due to more advance way of lifestyle, health care, and better food in the world i.e. Europe, Japan, Singapore and Jordon whose life expectancy is longer. In US the infant morality 6.8 deaths every 1000 births is also high. The worst life expectancy is figured in Africa that is 34.1 years. (The Guardian, 13th August, 2007) Country Infant mortality rate( per 1000 live births) (2005) Life expectancy at birth (Years) 2005 Male Life expectancy at birth (Years) 2005 Female Australia UK China India Nigeria Sierra Leone 5 5 23 56 100 165 78.5 76.7 71 62.3 46 40.2 83.3 81.2 74.3 65.3 47.1 43.4 (www.worldbank.org cited on 21st May 2008) (United Nation, Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007) In UK, Life expectancy at age 65 reached its highest level for both men and women. Men and women could expect live more 16.9 years and 19.7 years respectively. If mortality rates will be same is in 2004/06. Life expectancy at age 65, United Kingdom At birth Life expectancy has also its highest level for both males and females. Boys and girls born in the UK could expect on average to live to 76.9 years and 81.3 years of age respectively. https://www.statistics.gov.uk cited 17th May 2008 Alternative Indicators The flaws in GDP as a measure of national well-being have generated worldwide moves to develop a better index. Most work is focused on developing the index of sustainable economics welfare (ISEW) also known as the Genuine Progress indicator (GPI).it has been constructed for different countries i.e. US, Germany, Britain, Sweden and Australia. In Australia calculation of GPI shows that GPI was generally less than GDP measure until 1976, it grew at nearly the same rate and from 1976 to 1996 the GPI did not increase. (Hamilton C. 1997 cited by Mc Taggart et al 1999) In 1995, redefining progress, a non profit public policy organization, based in northern California, introduce a measure of progress that is Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). GPI basic start with the same accounting framework as the GDP, but then makes some distinctions with same indicators as GDP. GPI counts the beneficial progress as positive and destructive activates as negative. GPI add contribution of household activity volunteer work as hiring some one to do it. but real GDP ignore this contribution that money never change hands, GPI calculate income distribution as GPI will rise when poor receive large portion of income and go down if small portion of income received. GPI subtract these factors that are family break down crime and pollution. In real GDP family break down crime are expenses to addition in well being but GPI minus this cost comes from crime or divorce. Real GDP treats pollution as when it created and when it is clean up that is double gain. But GPI subtract the cost of water and air pollution as damage to human health and environment by increasing the nation wealth people should get the more leisure time and more free time for family or other activities. But the GDP ignores the loss of free time. The GPI goes up if leisure time increases. When people spend money to protect against misfortune or spend for improving their living standard i.e. accidents, drinking water filter, pollution control devices etc the GDP counts as additions but GPI treats these expenses as cost.https://www.redefiningprogress.org cited on 28th May 2008) GDP provides a false sense of progress by comparing with GPI. The chart illutrstae that real (inflation adjusted) US per capita GDP and GPI growth between 1950 and 2004, the GPI figure significantly starggle GDP. It shows that when resource depletion, crime costs, and volounteer sector costs, etc., are accounted for, then the per capita net benefit of a rising GDP is fully invalid. (https://www.redefiningprogress.org cited 2en June 2008) In 1990s United Nations created the human development index (HDI). It Examine that how the people are well being. It shows three indicators that are life expectancy at birth, school and adult literacy and real GNP measure at Purchasing Power Parity in US dollars (The Ledger www.bos.frb.org cited 27th May 2008). Human GDP per capita Development Index PPP US$ 0.70 2600 Tajikistan 0.67 2450 0.64 2300 0.61 2150 0.58 2000 Pakistan 0.55 1850 0.52 1700 0.49 1550 0.46 1400 0.43 1250 0.40 1100 Source: HDI and GDP refer to 2005 as reported in the 2007/2008 Report. (www.hdrstats.undp.org cited on 13th May, 2008) In 2005, HDI highlights the very large gaps in well being and life chances for Pakistan. (Figure 1) It shows that the GDP per Capita was high but the HDI indicator was low showing that people are not well being. The HDI for Pakistan was 0.551 which gives the country 136th rank out of 177 countries. (www.hdrstats.undp.org cited on 13th May, 2008) Conclusion The major disadvantage of Real GDP using as an indicator is a measure of living standard. Real GDP is the good measure on economic growth but it fails to measure that how the people are living and are they happy. It does not true impact that if a country is having high GDP and export 100 percent production will also have high living standard. In the view of replace real GDP with the GPI, as for as west concern it will be very hard for them to adopt this because their concern is to strong the economy and business interest. But economic growth does not bring the happiness. As for as economic growth and living standard of country concern, GPI is good indicator for measuring living standard, but social and non-market costs are included are at dispute. might be thease are the reason GPI has not achieved yet as common usage. Overall, however, the GPI aim is to measure the quality of economic welfare but GDP measure the quantity of economic growth. So GDP is failing to measure the living standard of people it should be replace by GPI. Reference The Ledger www.bos.frb.org/education/ledger03/measure.html : Federal Reserve of bank of Boston, (cited 06 May 2008) Parkin M, Powell M. Kent M., Economics 6th edition, London: Addison Wesley Publishing, chapter 20 Parkin M, Powell M, Matthews K. (2000) Economics 4th Edition Addison Wesley Publishing, p.543-547 McTaggart D., Findly C., Parkin M. (1999) Economics 3rd edition, Australia: Pearson Education Limited Chap, 21, 22 32 United Nation, Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007 NEW YORK 2007) Economics (www.tutor2u.net/economics cited on 07th May, 2008) Pakistan data profile India data profile https://devdata.worldbank.org cited on 13th May, 2008 MacAskill E. US tumble down the world ratings list for life expectancy The Guardian,13th August, 2007) Curren R. 2003 A companion to the philosophy of education blackwall publisher USA, page 457 Watts J. Satellite data reveals Beijing as air pollution capital of world The Guardian newspaper, 31 October 2005 Using national income data to measure poverty and living standard (www.bized.co.uk/virtual cited on 21st May, 2008 Ministry of education, Govt. of Pakistan www.moe.gov.pk cited 22nd may 2008) Hunger Stalks worlds wealthiest country, (www.ipsnews.net cited on 22nd May 2008) Romanias Polluted Water a Barrier to EU Member Status published on 20 July,2004 (www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2004/2004-07-20-04.asp cited on 22 May 2008) World Socialist Website (www.wsws.org cited 22nd May 2008) China Warns water pollution, BBC NEWS, www.news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4374383 cited by 23rd May 2008) Implication of Higher Global Food Prices for poverty in low-income countries published on April 2008 Policy Research Working paper 4594 www-wds.worldbank.org cited on 23rd May 2008 Nigeria, alarming Maternal Death Ratio posted 23 October 2007 www.allafrica.com cited on 23rd May 2008 Newspaper The Independent Dec 2002 Comparative Real GDP per capita and per employed person www.ftb.bis.gov cited on 27th May 2008 (https://www.rprogress.org The redefining Progress cited on 28th May 2008) World Social Website (www.wsws.org cited 22nd May 2008 Whats Wrong with the GDP as a Measure of Progress? https://www.redefiningprogress.org The Human Development index going beyond income cited 13th May 2008, www.hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_pak.html US department of state (https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page10.html Cited on 22nd May 2008) Mathiason N. Globe- trotting fixer doing deals to help the hungry The Observer 18th May 2008 130 Millions more Face falling into hunger trap Attewill F., Metro 4th June 2008 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Lipsey and Chrystal(2004) Economics 10th edition, NY : Oxford University Press Chap.22 26 Samuelson and Nordhaus(2005) Economics 18th edition, USA: Mcgraw Hill Chap. Livesey F. (1995) a text book of Core Economics 4th edition, USA: Longman Group Limited p.137-140 Fallacy of poverty reduction www.dawn.com cited on 07th May 2008 Poverty beyond GDP https://web.worldbank.org/wbsite/external/topics/extpoverty Sept.15, 2005 cited 06th May 2008 Iqbal S. (13th April 2007) Pakistan GDP seen growing at 7.5 percent www.dawn.com cited on 07th May 2008 Pollution: A life and death issue published on 13th Dec 2004 ,BBC News Science/nature www.newsvote.bbc.co.uk cited on 21st May 2008 You are what you spend The New York Times, www.nytimes.com Feb 10 2008 cited on 23rd May 2008 China: a shared poverty to uneven wealth www.gwu.edu cited on 24th May 2008) Farooq M, Irem B. Estimating Quarterly Gross Fixed Capital Formation State Bank of Pakistan, June 2007 Laurance J. (Health Editor) Thirty Years: Difference in life expectancy between the worlds rich and poor peoples published on Sept 2007 The Independent newspaper The United States http//www.cia.gov/library/publication/the-world-factbook/goes/us.html Taejoon H. China : a shared poverty to uneven wealth? www.gwu.edu/econ270/taejoon.html Cited 21st May 2008

Get Admission in School With the Help of an Essay Sample

Get Admission in School With the Help of an Essay SampleEvery student has to work hard in order to earn an undergraduate degree in college. The lack of financial support during the time of study is one major factor that keeps students away from pursuing higher studies. This is when teachers and academics to step in with generous sums of money for students to be able to attend college. One of the most effective ways of earning extra money is by taking up an 11 plus essay samples.With the help of a career counselor, a student is able to prepare a well-written and unique essay to get a good score in a test such as the Graduate Record Examination or GRE. Students are required to prepare two essays as part of the test. When it comes to choosing the perfect test to gain admission in higher studies, it is quite obvious that one must select one that is free from any kind of bias.Choosing a career counselor for admission into graduate studies is a smart move. These professionals have an excel lent knowledge on how to find out the best kind of tests. They can help in selecting the best means of admission and encourage students to keep their best scores so that they can increase their chances of getting accepted. Therefore, students should give some attention to a career counselor before they take any kind of test.These professionals are generally known to offer the best possible means of admission in various tests and it is not difficult to see why. Their performance levels depend entirely on the success rate of the students who are given the help of these professionals. There are many kinds of tests that a student can choose from when it comes to finding out the right test to be taken by him.They will go over the points that a student has to consider and the objective that they aim at accomplishing in order to get accepted in a particular test. This allows a student to select the kind of test that will serve his purpose and not hurt his academic standing. There are many who claim that these professionals will bring down the grade to an acceptable level but this is not the case.If a student wants to save his money and still get into a good university, he can opt for an online testing service. These online services are of top quality and these are offered at low cost. It also helps in having the opportunity to focus on the main exam instead of trying to figure out all the additional tests. Students do not have to worry about money and other factors when they go for an online service that has been approved by the concerned institution.All these factors combine to make the application process for the various exams to be taken very easy. The main advantage of getting admission to a university through these services is that the student is provided the chance to prepare the best possible essay samples. This is because there are no doubts on the quality of the student's selection in the higher institutions.

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Teen Pregnancy Protecting Our Youth Through Abstinence

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According to the Guttmacher Institute, across the nation

Antigone Who Is The Tragic Hero Essay Example For Students

Antigone: Who Is The Tragic Hero? Essay Antigone: Who Is The Tragic Hero? Essay Charles Woerner The debate over who is the tragic hero in Antigone continue on to this day. The belief that Antigone is the hero is a strong one. There are many critics who believe, however, that Creon, the Ruler of Thebes, is the true protagonist. I have made my own judgments also, based on what I have researched of this work by Sophocles. Antigone is widely thought of as the tragic hero of the play bearing her name. She would seem to fit the part in light of the fact that she dies in doing what is right. She buries her brother without worrying what might happen to her. She Takes into consideration death and the reality that may be beyond death (Hathorn 59). Those who do believe that Antigone was meant to be the true tragic hero argue against others who believe that Creon deserves that honor. They say that the Gods were against Creon, and that he did not truly love his country. His patriotism is to narrow and negative and his conception of justice is too exclusive. .. to be dignified by the name of love for the state (Hathorn 59). These arguments, and many others, make many people believe the Antigone is the rightful protagonist. Many critics argue that Creon is the tragic hero of Antigone. They say that his noble quality is his caring for Antigone and Ismene when thier father was persecuted. Those who stand behind Creon also argue that Antigone never had a true epiphany, a key element in being a tragic hero. Creon, on the other hand, realized his mistake when Teiresias made his prophecy. He is forced to live, knowing that three people are dead because of his ignorance, which is a punishment worse than death. My opinion on this debate is that Antigone is the tragic hero. She tries to help her brother without worrying about what will happen to her. She says, I intend to give my brother burial. Ill be glad to die in the attempt, -if its a crime, then its a crime that God commands (Sophocles 4). She was also punished for doing what was right. Her epiphany came, hidden from the audience, before she hung herself. Creons nobleness of taking in young Antigone and Ismene is overshadowed by his egotistical nature. He will not allow justice to come about simply because he wants to protect his image. He says, If she gets away with this behavior, call me a woman and call her a man (Sophocles 13). These elements prove that Antigone is the tragic hero. Creon, understanding his ignorance may lead one to believe that he is the true protagonist. But, if you define the word protagonist you would find that a protagonist is one who is a leader or supporter of a cause. Antigone is in support of her own actions in the burial of her brother Polyneices. She entrusts that she is doing what the Gods want, contrary to the belief of Creon. Many readers and critics may say Creon suffered greator hardships. Some may say Antigone never had an epiphany. Who would understand it if their own brother were left to the birds and dogs. There would be no rational thinking involved in a act like this. These are arguments envolved in deciding who is the tragic hero of Antigone. Critics, to this day, still argue about who is the tragic hero of Antigone. Many say that Antigone is the heroin. Others say that it is Creon. My research favors Antigone as the perfect protagonist. No matter who the reader sides with, it is agreed by most that there is a valid argument either way, in light of the fact that they both endure great hardships. Martin Luther King jr. EssayCategory: English .

Communicable Disease Paper free essay sample

The Dengue virus is known to be a mosquito-borne viral infection and is a major threat to health worldwide. It is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness and is also known as break bone fever. Fifty to one hundred million people are infected each year mostly in tropical and sub-tropical climates of the world. In the U. S, cases seen affected with the Dengue virus are mostly from Americans who traveled out of the country. Infection of the dengue virus causes dengue fever. The virus weakens the circulatory system and leads to a deadly hemorrhaging. â€Å"Dengue fever is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral illness in humans and is caused by family related to the virus that cause yellow fever, hepatitis C, and the Japanese St. Lou serotypes of DV causes spectrum of clinical disease ranging from an acute debilitating self-syndrome (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome)† (Diamond, Roberts, Edgil, Lu, Ernst, Harris, 2000, Modulation of Dengue Virus Infection in Human Cells by Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Interface, pg. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of HBV may never appear or appear over a two to six month period. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and or sclera) (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Complications Having chronic HBV can lead to serious life threatening complications such as, cirrhosis, liver cancer, failure, hepatitis D infection or kidney failure. Liver cirrhosis occurs when HBV has caused inflammation to liver leading to scaring and formation of fibrotic cell tissue that blocks hepatic blood flow and cell function. This in turn results in overgrowth of new cells attempting to regenerate causing decreased liver function Liver cancer and failure can occur if a patient has cirrhosis due to being a risk factor (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Treatment Treatment of HBV is supportive. Care focuses on nutrition, hydration and comfort (WHO, 2013). For those who have been infected with acute HBV, may not even need treatment but only management of symptoms. Those infected with chronic HBV may need more invasive treatments such as, antiviral medications or need a liver transplant (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Antiviral medications are used to slow and fight the virus from destructing the liver. Liver transplants are an option if a patient has end-stage liver disease where traditional treatments have not worked and are a qualified candidate (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Demogrphics Approximately 60,000 people die every year from HBV (WHO, 2013). There are about 200 billion people living around the world with HBV with an estimated 1. 2 million living in the United States (CDC, 2013). In 2011 the United States was estimated to have 18,800 actual new cases of the HBV (CDC, 2013). Those who are at greatest risk for developing HBV are Asian and Pacific Islanders, African Americans, gay and bisexual individuals, those who have multiple sex partners and do not practice safe sex or are intravenous drug users. Gay and bisexual men make up 20% of new HBV cases and 50% Asian and Pacific Islanders are living with HBV (CDC, 2013). Most Asian and Pacific Islanders were infected with HBV as infants or children and 1 in 12 are living with it and are not even aware. Determinants of Health Environmental factors such as living conditions, social networks and social support systems are all key drivers for one becoming infected with the HBV. For example, a homeless person who has a poor health status, is uninsured, unemployed and has a lack of education is more likely to be diagnosed with HBV. Also certain races are more likely to be infected with the HBV, as stated above, Asian and Pacific Islanders make up 50% of the population living with HBV (CDC, 2013). In addition there is a lack of resources available to protect, improve and maintain one health due to the cost and lack of good health services to individuals with low socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, focus needs to be made on improving access to care as well as treating the environmental and social factors of health. Epidemiologic Triangle The epidemiologic triangle is used to analyze the natural history of a disease. It asses the agent â€Å"what†, host â€Å"who† and environment â€Å"where† (Maurer and Smith, 2013). The biological agent for hepatitis B is a virus. The host’s demographics can range from infancy into adulthood and any race is susceptible to the virus. The body’s defenses are more likely to fight off acute than chronic HBV. A person’s behavior as well plays a large role in one becoming infected. Those who are intravenous drug users or have a history of multiple sex partners are my susceptible to developing HBV. Environmental factors based on social and economic considerations could be direct person-to-person contact of bodily fluids via kissing or sexual intercourse or receiving contaminated blood products from infected individuals. Within the workplace, an individual could accidently prick himself or herself with a contaminated needle increasing their chances of becoming infected. Role of Community Health Nurse It is important for the community health nurse to educate and promote prevention of HBV. Teaching risk reduction interventions and strategies such as not having unprotected sex and using condoms can help prevent transmission of hepatitis B. For those who have already become infected with the HBV it’s important to provide timely referrals for sexual health related services to further prevent others from becoming infected. Making the hepatitis vaccinations more accessible and available is an effective way to prevent hepatitis B. Educating health and human service providers about hepatitis B promotes quality of care and awareness as well as reduces chances of transmission. Ensuring adequate resources are available (state and local surveillance) to accurately monitor disease trends, transmission and how effective treatment is can improve and ensure correct data collection. It’s also important that the nurse refers patients to accessible care and treatment facilities so that compliance can be obtained and the rate of transmission, morbidity and mortality can be reduced. National Organization The World Hepatitis Alliance is a non-profit international umbrella non-governmental organization that represents every region of the world with viral hepatitis. They raise awareness, reduce the stigma associated with viral hepatitis, work with the WHO and provide preventive care as well as support and access to treatment. Their goal is eradication of HBV and HCV. They plan on achieving this goal by having more countries with a complete hepatitis strategy in place, regional patient organizations in all WHO regions, on going support for global hepatitis groups, acceptance at a global level of HBV and HCV, increased alliance and a more diversified funding base for the alliance. Conclusion There are two billion people worldwide that are infected with HBV and more than 350 million are infected with chronic liver infections, which increases their risk of death significantly (Maurer and Smith, 2013). Fortunately, there is a vaccine for hepatitis B but it has not become easily accessible to those in developing countries. This is a virus that can be prevented if individuals are being educating on the causes and risks as well as ways to protect themselves. It is up to us healthcare providers to spread awareness and makes our patients more knowledgeable about the types of communicable disease in our world so that they can make healthy choices.

One nation under law

Cherokee Indian case revealed the weaknesses of the American Supreme Court as the provisions were not in line with the American constitution. In 1832, the US Supreme Court exercised it powers in enforcing rights of the Native Americans against the state.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on One nation under law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Supreme Court had ruled before that it lacked the mandate in ruling over the Indian nation. Initially, the court rejected claims that the native tribes had self-governance and considered independent. It was a struggle of legal and political status of the native tribes in America. The weaknesses of the American court system became realized when it rejected the Cherokee claims that they were independent just like other sovereign federal states around. The Supreme Court rejected this claim in the first case and latter developed a different theory in the second case ( The Supreme Court, n. d). The Supreme Court did not speak and stand for the national values and the inspirations of the people as spelt by the constitution. It worked in favor of one side hence showed the weakness it has. John marshal avoided the same case earlier in his career when he gave his opinion on the relationship between the United States and Indian nations. According to him, the federal states in America inherited the rights from its colonial master who was Britain and became independent with those rights. He believed that US should give same rights to the Indian nations with exclusion of the European political powers. He argued his case that the Indian nations should have all other rights but not to posses land and have political dominion over their laws. John marshal avoided the case by acknowledging exercising conquest, which may lead to dominion of political power. However, his take was that the case should not be for the state but in the federal government. The court ruled in favor of Cherokee that it was a community on its own and could govern itself without involving Georgia.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It gave Cherokee autonomy of governing itself as an independent community to implement its governance structure. The doctrine of the court was that only the state has the mandate of reviewing land issues related to Indian nation unlike in the case of Georgia. The weakness in the court system realized during this period was when Georgia refused to enforce and comply with the court as it had independent with powers. The relocation of the Cherokees was absolute misuse of powers and court had jurisdiction. Different states exercise their powers and have the guaranteed independence that gives them freedom to do all they can within their mandate. The courts ruling giving sovereignty to a tribal group of indigenous community with in a state is a weakness of the state. The constitution guarantees rights to individuals and they are limited to certain degree. Many states as well as individuals like to exercise power on their own capacity but it has to have its limitations in line with the constitution. America is one nation under law hence the subdivision divides the country which might not be important at long run. As the supreme gave sovereignty to the Indian nation and gave the state the powers to negotiate on the Indian lands, it was trying to protect the interest of a small group at the expense of the federal state, as Georgia had to comply and wait for the new governor to effect the court decisions. Reference The Supreme Court. (n. d). One Nation under Law. Retrieved from: https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/about/pop_transcript1.html This critical writing on One nation under law was written and submitted by user Spencer L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Comparison Essay Essays

Comparison Essay Essays Comparison Essay Essay Comparison Essay Essay In The Kite Runner, Baby and Emir have a relationship that not all people would describe as the typical faith ere/son relationship. Baby strives to push Emir to be the best person he can be and wants whats b est. for Emir. Emir does not understand that this is what Baby is trying to do. Emir feels as if he will never be able to live up to Abss expectations and will always be compared to the way ABA a were when he was a young boy. When Emir is describing the way that Baby sees the world ( black and white), he says that you cant love a person who lives that way without fear g him too. Maybe even hating him a little (Hussein 16). Emir is suggesting that his feelings tow arts his father are more of a fearful reverence than pure admiration; from Emirs point of view, its a Lovelace relationship. Baby also expresses his doubts about Emir. Baby is, simply put, powerful, well liked, and admired for his passionate personality by neighboring friends. ABA a is dominant and Strong willed. Maim mentioned [worshipping] most days (Hussein 34). He expects his son to Freed 2 be the same as he is, and clearly he is not. Emir feels like he is not good Enola h to live up to his fathers expectations and often [felt] guilty about it (Hussein 29). Emir tries his best to impress his father. During the the kite running contest, Emir is very determine De to pull out a victory so Baby will be proud of him. At times, Baby wishes Emir were more eke his childhood friend, Hosannas. Hosannas is a very quiet and polite young boy who has a specie connection with Baby. Emir gets jealous by the fact that Baby shows more affection to Hausa n and wishes that it could be him receiving the attention. Hussein demonstrates the harsh reality f fathers relationships in the common world (Hussein 28). Men often lack showing e affection their sons and demand them to fulfill their hopes. During most fathers relationships, there are certain times where the father wants to become more of a player in his sons life than his son believes is necessary. The reasons for this are numerous and can be demonstrated in different ways. Miller is able o give an example of this behavior through the actions of Wily Loan. When Biff comes home t 0 recollect himself, Wily perceives Biffs life as a failure. Since Wily desperately wants hi: oldest son, Biff, to succeed in every way possible, he tries to take matters into his own Hzs ends. Ill get him a job selling. He could be big in no time (Miller 16). The reason that Biff came mom is to find out what he wants in life. Because Wily gets in the way, matters become moor e complicated. Partly due to Wills persistence in Biffs life, they have conflicting ideas as to hat the American dream is. Wily believes that working on the road by selling is the grog tastes job a man COUld have (Miller 81). Biff, however, feels the most inspiring job a man could have is working outdoors (Miller 22). Freed 3 When the dreams of Wily and Biff collide, it becomes frustrating to Wily became use he believes that the way hes pushing Biff is the right thing to do. Wily is disappoint need that Biff doesnt even know what [hes] supposed to want (Miller 22) in his future. Will lay finds himself to be wise and wants Biff to take after him. Wily wants to be the one to shoo w him how to do (Miller 28) great things in his life. If a father becomes too involved in his sons fife, Miller believes that the only result will be friction between the two. Wily doesnt eve n wants Biffs input and continues to tell himself that he is right (Miller 52)! As unfortunate as it is, there are many instances where a father favors one son over another, leading to social conflicts within the legislators son, which would be Biff in this case. In most cases it is the oldest son that is being favored while the younger son is ignored. Usually the father doesnt even real size what is happening and is oblivious to the poor action he is committing. He simply get s too caught up in the successes of his eldest son and he may even try to live out his life through his sons experiences. Because Wily has dreams of magnificence for Biff, Miller shows how Wills eldest son, Happy is overlooked. To men, it is crucial that their sons do every wing they can to live up their unrealistic expectations. Hussein and Miller both prove that a relationship between a father and son o often results in the father overpowering the son and pushing them to meet the unspoken expectations they have set. Hussein, Chalked.

Personal Development and Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Personal Development and Careers - Essay Example This essay discusses that some employees may experience difficulties in learning in the midst of various requirements brought about by daily work. Despite the efforts of the management for their workers to obtain learning, such employees may have low levels of motivation to develop their competencies and apply these in actual practice. This has consequently led to certain issues in relation to the willingness of both employees and the management towards skill development as well as the availability of learning and training programs. The researcher describes the time and effort which managers provide for skill and knowledge acquisition, remains to be an important issue today. Employee learning and development is a fundamental part of improving the workplace environment; thus, there is a great need for managers to improve their workers’ skills and promote positive changes in their behavior as this can result to improved organizational performance. The importance of communication in the workplace is also mentioned in the essay and it cannot be overemphasized as it remains to be one of the essential components for organizational success. Effective communication can play an important function for the relationship between managers and employees. With a proper and formal system for communication, possibilities for misunderstandings can be reduced and more work can be accomplished. On the whole, a work environment that promotes communication can allow both the company and its employees to obtain various advantages.

Public Opinion and the Global Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Opinion and the Global Culture - Essay Example Another definition, by Angell (1991, in Beerkens, 2006), stresses the social dynamic: â€Å"The world economy has become so highly interdependent as to make national independence an anachronism, especially in financial markets. The interdependence is driven by science, technology and economics – the forces of modernity; and these forces, not governments, determined international relations. Thanks to this interdependence, war between nations is an impossibility.† Beck (2000, p. 86), on the other hand, emphasizes the political implications: â€Å"Globalization – however the word is understood – implied the weakening of state sovereignty and state structures.† Millberg (1998) focuses on the economic: â€Å"Globalization is dominated by transnational firms and financial institutions, operating independently of national boundaries or domestic economic situations.† And most perceptively, by Cerny (1999), on the state promoting globalization:  "However, this does not mean that, once the genie is out of the bottle, globalization is reversible.† Taking the layman’s common understanding of the term, the globalization process has been celebrated worldwide as the inevitable key to international economic progress. Less publicized are its negative repercussions, both economically and culturally, upon populations adversely affected by the movement of goods and capital from wealthy countries to those less wealthy, and movement of groups of people from the poorer, crowded nations to those rich importers of manpower and expertise. Landis (2008) notes that the large influx of people of divergent cultures and backgrounds cause crowding into urban centers, creating social tensions and sometimes open inter-ethnic conflict between host populations and the new entrants. Globalization disrupts local communities and livelihoods. Bathelt and Kappes (2008) examined the merged chemicals firm Aventis, from the German Hoechst and the French

Kubla Khan Essay Example for Free

Kubla Khan Essay Born in 1772 in Ottery. St., T.S.Coleridge lead a very disquiet life in his early childhood. After his fathers death he was sent to the Christs hospital school. There he had felt a great emotional vacuum, which was the beginning of his continuos ill health. Charles Lamb, his schoolmate, gave us an account of this period affirming that Coleridge was highly imaginative, who sought refuge in reading old romantic tales as well as Homer, Virgil, and Shakespeare. Perhaps the most influential period in Coleridges life was the period when he met Wordsworth in 1795, after he had left Cambridge. It seemed that in the company of Wordsworth, Coleridge found the mental peace, security, and environmental harmony. This had resulted in the sudden flowering of his genius, a sudden release of his creative impulses, and he wrote The Ancient Mariner, The Christable, and Kubla Khan. Much about the composition and subject matter of Kubla Khan can be detected from Coleridges Preface to that poem: This fragment with a good deal more, not recoverable, composed, in a sort of reverie brought on by two grains of opium taken to check a dysentery This fact raises the issue of the drugs effect on the poets creative imagination. Early critics assumed that there was a direct and immediate correlation between opium and imagination. In 1934 M.H. Abrams declared that the great gift of opium to men like Coleridge was to access to a new world as different from this one; and one which is ordinary mortal. According to Elizabeth Schneider, opium can only work on what is already there in a mans mind and memory and if he already has a creative imagination and a tendency to recall dreams and visions. Then opium may intensify and focus his perceptions. This last interpretation seems to be the most acceptable one, because this is what really happens to Coleridge. Before he began to dream he had been reading the following words of the same substance, in Purchass Pilgrimage: Here the Khan Kubla commanded a palace to be built, and a stately garden thereunto. And thus ten miles of fertile ground were inclosed within a wall. These words, it is quite apparent, formed the background upon which opium worked, encouraging Coleridges mind for imagination. The effect opium had on Coleridges mind manifests itself while examining the structure of the poem itself. It quite obvious that the third stanza is entirely different from the first two ones, as if was written by a human being whereas the other earlier stanzas seem to had been written by a demon or some divine hand. Coleridge himself confesses that he couldnt revive the interrupted composition of the first two stanzas that were written under the influence of opium, and that when he returned to his writing all the rest had passed away like images on the surface of a stream. Perhaps thats why we find it a fragmentary work, filled with strange, unusual imagery, and lacking a rational structure; its rhythms suggest a mind vacillating between conscious and unconscious modes of being. Matter of fact Kubla Khan is reliable to different levels of interpretation. First, the poem could be approached as a descriptive poem that shares the common beautiful characteristics and techniques of most romantic poets, especially when describing natural elements. Still Coleridge described the world of Kubla Khan in terms of the ancient Platonic idea of Dualism; where the world of material existence is described as the world of shadows, and the world of Ideals as the elevated one. Accordingly, Kubla Khan could be regarded as a beautiful expression of the poets longing for some ultimate beauty combining the work of man with those of nature and those of pure imagination; to resurrect lost archetypal worlds within the imagination. In this way the pleasure dome that has been established in fulfillment of the orders of the Tartar Prince can be regarded as an attempt to reach such an ideal world. Thats why the first stanza opens with a carefully constructed image of a walled garden containing incense bearing trees and forests enclosing sunny spots of greenery; a description that adds a paradisal spirit into the place Kubla has created. The ideal spirit and holiness of this world has been emphasized in a variety of expressions: in affirming that in this stately pleasure dome did Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea The sacredness of this world has been further affirmed by the fact that it is girdled round and protected from undesirable or unharmonious influences. This scene that has been described in the first stanza stands in contrast to the opening lines of the second stanza; where the poets But contrasts the planned classical artifact of Kubla with the romantic chasm; the birthplace of poetic genius and true creativity: But oh! That deep romantic chasm which slanted Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! Now the atmosphere is different: the rational order of the garden has been replaced by a scene outside the walls, which is savage, wholly, and enchanted. This natural scene is, indeed, a more perfect symbol of the reconciliation of oppositions in the world of imagination, thereby more eternal. In this stanza we are, also, introduced to the source of that sacred river- Alph- which is seen as symbolizing Platos theory of Dualism in terms of Mans journey through life in search for the Ideal world: it flows from a mysterious source- (Mans birth)- through a mazy course- (the complexities of life; poetically symbolized by the mighty fountain that burst small stones as if breathing)- to sink tumultuously into a lifeless ocean-(the sea of death). Between birth and death Man is overwhelmed by a dream of permanence- (the shadow cast by the dome of pleasure). This very last symbol has been developed in representing the dome in dream-like terms inaccessible to Man: It was miracle of rare devise, A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice! Thats to say the dome itself- by possessing sunny weather and caves of ice- represent a reconciliation of opposites which is impossible to human life. With the beginning of the third stanza the poem seems to take a new tern of thought. Now it gives us a vivid picture of a poet caught in a spell of poetic inspiration, who, once in a vision, saw an abyssinian maid playing on her dulcimer and singing of the wild splendor of mount Abora. At this point the poem becomes reliable to another level of interpretation. It is a poem about poetic creation. With this consideration in mind Kubla Khan, who caused a pleasure-dome and elaborated gardens to be constructed in Xanadu, is a type of the artist whose glorious creation becomes a balanced reconciliation of the natural and artificial. Similarly the poet enters the poem- using first person pronoun- in an attempt to establish his own dome. If only, Coleridge laments, he could revive within him the maids lost symphony and song, if only he could recapture the whole original vision instead of just a portion of it, then he would be able to establish that dome in air so that his witnesses would declare him to be divinely inspired and form a circle of worship around him. Being filled with holy dread they would cry: